Embedding mental wellbeing in Australian regional universities: Equity interventions

Main Article Content

Helen Scobie
Michelle Picard

Abstract

Student wellbeing is an important issue to address because research shows that a high percentage of Australian university students experience mental health problems and that higher numbers are found in equity groups. Research also shows that regional universities have a higher percentage of students from equity groups. This paper outlines findings from a study of regional university students and mental health interventions that combined a desktop survey of web-based university resources and an integrative review of relevant literature. Our findings show that most Australian universities do not integrate their mental wellbeing support into the curriculum and that mental health professionals and educators typically work in silos. Consequently, universities only have limited success in addressing student wellbeing needs. We argue that there is a need to draw on best practice for embedding academic support as part of inclusive pedagogies and curricula, in order to extend these to include mental wellbeing support. This study is significant as it is the first to synthesise the key principles of effective embedded wellbeing support in relation to regional university contexts.

Article Details

How to Cite
Scobie, H., & Picard, M. (2018). Embedding mental wellbeing in Australian regional universities: Equity interventions. Access: Critical Explorations of Equity in Higher Education, 5(1), 65–79. Retrieved from https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ceehe/index.php/iswp/article/view/93
Section
Research Paper

References

Baik, C., Larcombe, W., Brooker, A., Wyn, J., Allen, L., Brett, M., Field, R., & James, R. (2017). Enhancing Student Mental Wellbeing: A Handbook for Academic Educators. Melbourne: The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from https://melbourne-cshe.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/2408604/MCSHE-Student-Wellbeing-Handbook-FINAL.pdf

Baker, S., Ramsay, G., Irwin, E., & Miles, L. (2017). ‘Hot’, ‘Cold’ and ‘Warm’ supports: Towards theorising where refugee students go for assistance at university. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(1): 1-16. doi:10.1080/13562517.2017.1332028

Beccaria, L., Rogers, C., Burton, L., & Beccaria, G. (2016). Role of health-promoting behaviours for on-campus and distance education students. Distance Education, 37(1): 22-40. doi:10.1080/01587919.2016.1158768

Bewick, B., Koutsopoulou, G., Miles, J., Slaa, E., & Barkham, M. (2010). Changes in undergraduate students’ psychological well-being as they progress through university. Studies in Higher Education, 35(6): 633-645. doi:10.1080/03075070903216643

Biggs, J. (2014). Constructive alignment in university teaching. HERDSA Review of Higher Education, 1: 5-22.

Bore, M., Pittolo, C., Kirby, D., Dluzewska, T., & Marlin, S. (2016). Predictors of psychological distress and well-being in a sample of Australian undergraduate students. Higher Education Research & Development, 35(5): 869-880. doi:10.1080/07294360.2016.1138452

Bradley, D., Noonan, P., Nugent, H., & Scales, B. (2008). Review of Australian higher education: Final report. Canberra: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations.

Call, D., Miron, L., & Orcutt, H. (2013). Effectiveness of brief mindfulness techniques in reducing symptoms of anxiety and stress. Mindfulness, 5(6): 658-668. doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0218-6

Colbert, V., & Arboleda, J. (2016). Bringing a student-centered participatory pedagogy to scale in Colombia. Journal of Educational Change, 17(4): 385-410. doi:10.1007/s10833-016-9283-7

Cooke, R., Bewick, B. M., Barkham, M., Bradley, M., & Audin, K. (2006). Measuring, monitoring and managing the psychological well-being of first year university students. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 34(4): 505-517. doi:10.1080/03069880600942624

Devlin, M. (2009). Indigenous higher education student equity: Focusing on what works. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 38: 1-8.

Devlin, M., & McKay, J. (2018). Teaching inclusively online in a massified university system. Widening Participation & Lifelong Learning, 20(1): 146-166.

Devlin, M., & O'Shea, H. (2012). Effective university teaching: Views of Australian university students from low socio-economic status backgrounds. Teaching in Higher Education, 17(4): 385-397.

Everett, M.C. (2015). Fostering first-year students’ engagement and well-being through visual narratives. Studies in Higher Education, 1-13. doi:10.1080/03075079.2015.1064387

Gervasoni, A., Smith, J., & Howard, P. (2013). Humanities education as a pathway for women in regional and rural Australia: Clemente Ballarat. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 53(2): 253-279.

Grimes, S., Scevak, J., Southgate, E., & Buchanan, R. (2017). Non-disclosing students with disabilities or learning challenges: Characteristics and size of a hidden population. The Australian Educational Researcher, 44: 425-441. doi.org/10.1007/s13384-017-0242-y

Häfner, A., Stock, A., Pinneker, L., & Ströhle, S. (2013). Stress prevention through a time management training intervention: an experimental study. Educational Psychology, 34 (3): 403-416. doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.785065

Henderson, R., & Noble, K. (2013). Thinking about first year retention in teacher higher education: Three students in a regional university and their metaphors of survival. Australian and International Journal of Rural Education, 23(2): 65-75.

Huntly, H., & Donovan, J. (2009). Supporting the development of persistence: Strategies for teachers of first year undergraduate students. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 21(2): 210-220.

Julal, F.S. (2016). Predictors of undergraduate students’ university support service use during the first year of university. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 44(4): 371-381. doi:10.1080/03069885.2015.1119232

Kelly, M. (2017). Does mindfulness practice improve the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare students? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Helath Nursing, 24: 84-89.

Kift, S. (2009). A transition pedagogy: The First Year Experience Curriculum Design Symposium 2009. HERDSA News, 31(1).

Larcombe, W., Finch, S., Sore, R., Murray, C.M., Kentish, S., Mulder, R.A., Lee-Stecum, P., Baik, C., Tokatildis, O., & Williams, D.A. (2014). Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological distress among students at an Australian university. Studies in Higher Education, 41(6): 1074-1091. doi:10.1080/03075079.2014.966072

Larkin, H., & Richardson, B. (2013). Creating high challenge/high support academic environments through constructive alignment: Student outcomes. Teaching in Higher Education, 18(2): 192-204. doi:10.1080/13562517.2012.696541

Lisciandro, J., Jones., A., & Strehlow, K. (2016). Addressing social and emotional learning: Fostering resiliance and academic self-efficacy in educationally disadvantaged learners transitioning to university. Perth: National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE), Curtin University. Retrieved from https://www.ncsehe.edu.au/publications/addressing-social-emotional-learning-fostering-resilience-academic-self-efficacy-educationally-disadvantaged-learners-transitioning-university/

Maldoni, A.M., & Lear, E.L. (2016). A decade of embedding: Where are we now? Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 13(3): 1-22. Retrieved from http://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol13/iss3/2

Margrove, K.L., Gustowska, M., & Grove, L.S. (2012). Provision of support for psychological distress by university staff, and receptiveness to mental health training, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 38(1): 90-106. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2012.699518

Marr, D., Nicoll, C., von Treuer, K., Kolar, C., & Palermo, J. (2013). Improving student preparedness and retention–perceptions of staff at two universities. Higher Education Studies, 3(4): 1-14.

McKay, J., & Devlin, M. (2014). ‘Uni has a different language…to the real world’: Demystifying academic culture and discourse for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Higher Education Research and Development, 33(5): 949-961.

McKay, J., & Devlin, M. (2016). ‘Low income doesn't mean stupid and destined for failure’: Challenging the deficit discourse around students from low SES backgrounds in higher education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20(4): 347-363.

McSharry, P., & Timmins, F. (2016). An evaluation of the effectiveness of a dedicated health and well being course on nursing students' health. Nurse Educ Today, 44: 26-32. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.05.004

Meuleman, A.M., Garrett, R., Wrench, A., & King, S. (2015). ‘Some people might say I’m thriving but …’: Non-traditional students’ experience of university. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 19: 503-517. doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2014.945973

Mulder, A.M., & Cashin, A. (2015). Health and wellbeing in students with very high psychological distress from a regional Australian university. Advances in Mental Health, 13(1): 72–83. doi: 10.1080/18374905.2015.1035618

Nash, G., Crimmins, G., & Oprescu, F. (2016). If first-year students are afraid of public speaking assessments what can teachers do to alleviate such anxiety? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(4): 586-600. doi:10.1080/02602938.2015.1032212

NCSEHE. (2017). NCSEHE Focus: Successful outcomes for regional and remote students in Australian higher education. Perth: National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE), Curtin University. Retrieved from https://www.ncsehe.edu.au/publications/ncsehe-focus-successful-outcomes-for-regional-and-remote-students-in-australian-higher-education/

Neely, M.E., Schallert, D.L., Mohammed, S.S., Roberts, R.M., & Chen, Y-J. (2009). Self-kindness when facing stress: The role of self-compassion, goal regulation, and support in college students’ well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 33: 88-97. doi:10.1007/s11031-008-9119-8https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-008-9119-8

Nelson, K., Picton, C., McMillan, J., Edwards, D., Devlin, M., & Martin, K. (2017). Understanding the Completion Patterns of Equity Students in Regional Universities. Perth: National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE), Curtin University. Retrieved from https://www.ncsehe.edu.au/publications/completion-patterns-of-equity-students-in-regional-universities/

Orygen. (2017). Under the radar: The mental health of Australian university students. The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health. Retrieved from www.orygen.org.au

Pearce, J., & Down, B. (2011). Relational pedagogy for student engagement and success at university. The Australian Educational Researcher, 38(4): 483-494.

Pitman, T., Trinidad, S., Devlin, M., Harvey, A., Brett, M., & McKay, J. (2016). Pathways to Higher Education: The Efficacy of Enabling and Sub-Bachelor Pathways for Disadvantaged Students. Perth: National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE), Curtin University. Retrieved from https://www.ncsehe.edu.au/

publications/pathways-to-higher-education-the-efficacy-of-enabling-and-sub-bachelor-pathways-for-disadvantaged-students/

Rahanu, H., Georgiadou, E., Khan, N., Colson, R., Hill, V., & Edwards, J.A. (2016). The development of student learning and information literacy: A case study. Education for Information, 32(3): 211-224. doi:10.3233/EFI-150959

Regehr, C., Glancy, D., & Pitts, A. (2013). Interventions to reduce stress in university students: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 18(1): 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.026

Regional Australia Institute. (2017). What is Regional Australia? Retrieved from www.regionalaustralia.org.au/home/what-is-regional-australia

Roberts, J. (2018). Professional staff contributions to student retention and success in higher education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 40(2): 140-153.

Ryan, M.L., Shochet, I. M., & Stallman, H.M. (2010). Universal online resilience interventions might engage psychologically distressed university students who are unlikely to seek formal help. Advances in Mental Health, 9(1): 73–83.

Sadowski, C., Stewart, M., & Pediaditis, M. (2018). Pathway to success: Using students’ insights and perspectives to improve retention and success for university students from low socioeconomic (LSE) backgrounds. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(2): 158-175.

Said, D., Kypri, K., & Bowman, J. (2013). Risk factors for mental disorder among university students in Australia: Findings from a web-based cross-sectional survey. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 48(6): 935-944. doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0574-x

Sarason, I.G., & Sarason, B.R. (2009). Social support: Mapping the construct. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(1): 113-120. doi:10.1177/0265407509105526

Schofield, M.J., O’Halloran, P., McLean, S.A., Forrester-Knauss, C., & Paxton, S.J. (2016). Depressive Symptoms Among Australian University Students: Who Is at Risk? Australian Psychologist, 51(2): 135-144. doi:10.1111/ap.12129

Shepperd, S., Lewin, S., Struas, S., Clarke, M., Eccles, M., Fitzpatrick, R., & Sheikh, A. (2009). Can we systematically review studies that evaluate complex interventions? PLoS Medicine, 6: 1-8. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000086

Smith, B.W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3): 194-200. doi:10.1080/10705500802222972

Smith, V., Devane, D., Begley, C. M., & Clarke, M. (2011). Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol, 11. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-15

Stallman, H.M. (2008). Prevalence of psychological distress in university students. Australian Family Physician, 37(8): 673– 677.

Stallman, H.M. (2010). Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist, 45(4): 286–294. doi:10.1080/00050067.2010.482109

Stallman, H.M., & Hurst, C.P. (2011). Factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in university students. Australian Psychologist, 46(4): 229–236.

Stallman, H.M., & Kavanagh, D.J. (2016). Development of an internet intervention to promote wellbeing in college students. Australian Psychologist, 53(1): 60-67 doi:10.1111/ap.12246

Stallman, H.M., Kavanagh, DJ., Arklay, A.R., & Bennett‐Levy, J. (2016). Randomised control trial of a low‐intensity cognitive‐behaviour therapy intervention to improve mental health in university students. Australian Psychologist, 51(2): 145-153. doi:10.1111/ap.12113

Stallman, H.M., Kavanagh, D.J., & Ralph, A. (2012). thedesk: Promoting student success and wellbeing. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland. Retrieved from www.thedesk.org.au

Stallman, H.M., & King, S. (2016). The learning thermometer: Closing the loop between teaching, learning, wellbeing and support in universities. Journal of university teaching and learning practice, 13(5): 1-11.

Stewart, R., & Oliver, S. (2012). Making a difference with systematic reviews. In D. Gough, S. Oliver & J. Thomas (Eds.), Introduction to Systematic Reviews. London: Sage.

Taffs, K.H., & Holt, J.I. (2013). Investigating student use and value of e-learning resources to develop academic writing within the discipline of environmental science. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 37(4): 500-514.

Thomas, G. (2014). Closing the policy-practice gap for low-SES students in higher education: The pedagogical challenge. Higher Education Research and Development, 33(4): 807-820.

Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(45): 1-10. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-8-45

Torraco, R.J. (2016). Writing integrative literature reviews. Human Resource Development Review, 15(4): 404-428. doi:10.1177/1534484316671606

Wilks, J., Fleeton, E.R., & Wilson, K. (2017). Indigenous tutorial assistance scheme. Tertiary tuition and beyond: Transitioning with strengths and promoting opportunities. Australian Universities' Review, 59(1): 14-23.

Yap, M.B.H., Wright, A., & Jorm, A.F. (2011). The influence of stigma on young people’s help-seeking intentions and beliefs about the helpfulness of various sources of help. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46: 1257-1265. doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0300-5

Zemits, B., & Hodson, L. (2016). Before studying in the humanities, what do students need? International Journal of Lifelong Education, 35(6): 698-712.